# Visual materials — The Slavery of Our Times (1900)

**Sweep:** light, single-channel (Wikimedia Commons API)
**Date:** 2026-06-07

## Not found / not downloaded

- **Russian railway/dock loaders c.1890–1905** — no relevant PD photograph found on Commons (search: "Russian railway workers loaders porters 1890 1900", "Russian workers freight dock photograph 1890"). Record: not-found.
- **Free Word / Svobodnoe Slovo 1900 first edition title page** — not on Commons. Record: not-found.
- **Étienne de La Boétie portrait/engraving** — one candidate found (`File:Gravure_de_Montaigne_et_de_la_Boétie.jpg`, CC BY-SA 4.0, a 2020 photograph of a period engraving showing both Montaigne and La Boétie together) but download blocked by Wikimedia rate-limit (HTTP 429) at time of sweep. Record: needsReview. Commons URL: <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gravure_de_Montaigne_et_de_la_Bo%C3%A9tie.jpg>

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## Downloaded images

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### 1. Leo Tolstoy — portrait 1900, Odessa (KEYSTONE)

- id: commons-tolstoy-1900-kazakov
- type: portrait (oil painting photograph)
- subject: Leo Tolstoy
- holding: Odessa Art Museum (Одесский художественный музей, Ж-397)
- archiveId: File:Leo_Tolstoy_by_I.S.Kazakov_(1900,_Odessa).jpg
- access: open
- rights: Public domain (painting by Ivan Semyonovich Kazakov, 1900; photographer unknown)
- licence: PD
- usable: yes
- url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leo_Tolstoy_by_I.S.Kazakov_(1900,_Odessa).jpg
- localPath: visuals/commons-tolstoy-1900-kazakov.jpg
- note: Painted by I.S. Kazakov in 1900 in Odessa, the same year Tolstoy composed the treatise. Donated to the museum by Turkish consul Fuad-Yazet Bey. Closest extant portrait to the composition period; ideal keystone image.

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### 2. Robert Owen — portrait c.1890s

- id: commons-robert-owen
- type: portrait (photograph)
- subject: Robert Owen (1771–1858), utopian socialist; one of the epigraph authors
- holding: Wellcome Collection / National Museum Wales (via Percy Benzie Abery)
- archiveId: File:Portrait_of_Robert_Owen_(1293554).jpg
- access: open
- rights: CC0 (Wellcome Collection)
- licence: CC0
- usable: yes
- url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Robert_Owen_(1293554).jpg
- localPath: visuals/commons-robert-owen.jpg
- note: Late-life photographic portrait, c.189-? (Owen died 1858; this may be a photograph of a painting or bust). CC0 — no attribution required.

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### 3. John Ruskin — portrait 1882

- id: commons-john-ruskin-1882
- type: portrait (photograph)
- subject: John Ruskin (1819–1900), art critic and social reformer; epigraph author
- holding: public domain
- archiveId: File:John_Ruskin,_1882.jpg
- access: open
- rights: Public domain (photographer Herbert Rose Barraud, 1882; published 1900 in The Works of John Ruskin)
- licence: PD
- usable: yes
- url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Ruskin,_1882.jpg
- localPath: visuals/commons-john-ruskin-1882.jpg
- note: Photograph by Herbert Rose Barraud, 1882. Published in the collected works edition in 1900 — the same year as the treatise. Ruskin is also cited for his labour critique, which Tolstoy directly engaged.

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### 4. Karl Marx — portrait c.1875

- id: commons-karl-marx
- type: portrait (photograph)
- subject: Karl Marx (1818–1883); cited in the treatise (Tolstoy read Capital)
- holding: public domain
- archiveId: File:Karl_Marx_001.jpg
- access: open
- rights: Public domain (photograph by John Jabez Edwin Mayall, before 24 August 1875)
- licence: PD
- usable: yes
- url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karl_Marx_001.jpg
- localPath: visuals/commons-karl-marx.jpg
- note: Standard cabinet-card portrait, c.1875, by Mayall. Tolstoy engaged with Capital and Marxist political economy critically in the treatise.

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### 5. Henry George — portrait c.1865

- id: commons-henry-george
- type: portrait (photograph)
- subject: Henry George (1839–1897), land-tax reformer; endorsed in the treatise
- holding: public domain
- archiveId: File:Henry_George.jpg
- access: open
- rights: Public domain (unknown author, 1865)
- licence: PD
- usable: yes
- url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_George.jpg
- localPath: visuals/commons-henry-george.jpg
- note: Early portrait, c.1865. Tolstoy explicitly endorses George's single-tax land reform as the practical remedy in the treatise's conclusion.

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### 6. Aylmer Maude — portrait 1919

- id: commons-aylmer-maude
- type: portrait (photograph)
- subject: Aylmer Maude (1858–1938), English translator and Tolstoyan; supplied factory-condition books cited in the treatise
- holding: Victoria and Albert Museum (© V&A)
- archiveId: File:Aylmer_Maude_(1858-1938).jpg
- access: open
- rights: CC BY-SA 4.0 (Lafayette Photography Studio, 1919; V&A copyright)
- licence: CC-BY-SA
- usable: yes
- url: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aylmer_Maude_(1858-1938).jpg
- localPath: visuals/commons-aylmer-maude.jpg
- note: Studio portrait by Lafayette, 21 October 1919. Maude translated the treatise into English and corresponded with Tolstoy about it; he supplied books on English factory conditions that Tolstoy quoted. Attribution required: Lafayette / V&A, CC BY-SA 4.0.